01Cerebrovascular disease

Cerebrovascular disorders are diseases caused by blockages or ruptures in the brain's blood vessels, such as stroke (cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, etc.). Damage to the brain results in various symptoms and aftereffects.

Main Symptoms

■ Initial Symptoms

• ・Numbness or difficulty moving one side of the body or face
• ・Slurred speech, inability to speak or understand words
• ・Partial vision loss, double vision
• ・Dizziness, unsteadiness, loss of balance
• ・Severe headache (e.g., subarachnoid hemorrhage)

■ Symptoms During Progression

• ・Impaired consciousness (slowed response, coma, etc.)
• ・Difficulty breathing, seizures (in severe cases)
• ・Worsening hemiplegia or speech impairment
• ・Urinary or bowel dysfunction

■ Aftereffects (Symptoms that may persist after recovery)

• ・Motor impairment: Paralysis in limbs, difficulty walking, impaired balance
• ・Sensory impairment: Numbness, reduced touch sensitivity, pain
• ・Speech impairment: Slurred speech (dysarthria), inability to speak or understand (aphasia)
• ・Visual impairment: Visual field defects, double vision (seeing double)
• ・Memory impairment: Decreased memory, inability to retain new information
• ・Social behavioral impairment: Inability to control actions or emotions
• ・Consciousness impairment: Confusion, decreased level of alertness

Related medical conditions

• Post-spinal cord injury sequelae
• ・Parkinson's disease
• ・Alzheimer's dementia
• ・Cerebral aneurysm

02Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis is a condition where joint cartilage wears down due to aging or excessive stress, leading to symptoms such as pain and limited range of motion. It commonly affects weight-bearing joints like the knees and hips and is frequently seen in older adults

Main Symptoms

■ Initial Symptoms

• ・Pain during movement, joint discomfort

■ Symptoms During Progression

• ・Pain at rest,
• ・joint swelling,
• ・warmth,
• ・joint deformity,
• ・restricted range of motion.
• ・Pain or impairment may occur in the knees, hips, shoulders, hands, elbows, feet, neck, etc.

■ Aftereffects (Symptoms that may persist after recovery)

• ・Motor impairment: Paralysis in limbs, difficulty walking, impaired balance
• ・Sensory impairment: Numbness, reduced touch sensitivity, pain
• ・Speech impairment: Slurred speech (dysarthria), inability to speak or understand (aphasia)
• ・Visual impairment: Visual field defects, double vision (seeing double)
• ・Memory impairment: Decreased memory, inability to retain new information
• ・Social behavioral impairment: Inability to control actions or emotions
• ・Consciousness impairment: Confusion, decreased level of alertness

Related medical conditions

• ・Osteoarthritis of the Knee
• ・Hip Arthritis
• ・Arthritis
• ・Meniscus Tear
• ・Herniated Disc (Cervical/Lumbar)
• ・Spinal canal stenosis
• ・Cervical spondylotic myelopathy
• ・Rheumatism
• ・Low back pain, headaches, shoulder/neck pain
• ・Spinal cord injury, ligament injury, tenosynovitis, trigger finger, carpal tunnel syndrome
• ・Post-fracture pain
• ・Sports injuries (tennis elbow, baseball shoulder, soccer/golf-related knee/joint injuries, etc.)

03Chronic pain　

Chronic pain refers to pain that persists for three months or longer after an injury or illness has healed. Unlike ordinary pain, it often involves issues with nerves or the brain, and may be classified as “intractable pain,” which is difficult to treat.

Main Types

• ・Neuropathic Pain
  Pain caused by nerve damage. Characterized by hypersensitive nerves, making it resistant to common pain medications. (Examples: Stroke, spinal cord injury, diabetic neuropathy, cancer-related nerve damage)
• ・Central Pain
  Pain arising from damage to the brain or spinal cord (central nervous system). May involve feeling pain without a clear cause or experiencing intense pain in paralyzed areas.
• ・Psychogenic pain
  Pain arising from psychological factors such as stress or anxiety. Prolonged pain can cause the brain to “learn” the pain, leading to persistent pain even without an identifiable cause.

Main Symptoms

■ Initial Symptoms

• ・Persistent or intermittent pain,
• ・difficulty pinpointing the location of the pain,
• ・accompanied by mild numbness or discomfort

■ Symptoms During Progression

• ・Sleep disturbances,
• ・loss of appetite,
• ・taste disorders,
• ・weight loss,
• ・autonomic nervous system dysfunction,
• ・depressed mood,
• ・drug or alcohol dependence,
• ・impairment of social functioning, etc.

Related medical conditions

• ・Arthritis
• ・Diabetes
• ・Fibromyalgia
• ・Post-fracture pain
• ・Cancer
• ・Chronic joint pain
• ・Ligament injury
• ・Spinal cord injury
• ・Herniated disc, etc.